Don's Home Technology Character Sets Typography Fonts
Fonts (or more accurately typeface families) vary between operating systems and browsers.
For example Apple licensed helvetica (the standard san-serif font), but Microsoft didn't and uses the free Arial instead. The fonts look almost identical. MS word will translate back and forth on each platform, Windows Office or Office for Mac.
If web pages are coded correctly they will also render the fonts correctly.
Some of the generic font classes (e.g. cursive and fantasy) will display different fonts depending on the browser and operating system.

This page,

  1. Shows some examples of the more common fonts and font types.
  2. Shows what fonts are available in what operating system.
  3. Shows how some fonts will display in your browser and operating system.
  4. How to code web pages to handle differences in OS's
Font default settings in web browsers (some very old)
TypeIE 5.2Firefox 3Chrome 36Other Fonts
Standard:Times
Serif: Times New RomanTimesTimes Baskerville, Big Caslon, Bodoni MT, Book Antiqua, Bookman, Calisto MT, Cambria, Didot, Garamond, Georgia, Goudy Old Style, Hoefler Text, Lucida Bright, Palatino, Perpetua, Rockwell,Rockwell Extra Bold, Times New Roman, Times, Minion Web, ITC Stone Serif, Bitstream Cyberbit, Athelas,
Fontdeck, Wikipedia
San-serif: ArialHelveticaHelvetica Arial, Arial Rounded MT Bold, Avant Garde, Calibri, Candara, Century Gothic, Franklin Gothic Medium, Futura, Geneva, Gill Sans, Helvetica, Impact, Lucida Grande, Optima, Segoe UI, Tahoma, Trebuchet MS, Verdana, Univers, Futura, ITC Stone Sans, Akzidenz Grotesk,
Fontdeck, Wikipedia
Proportional:Times New RomanSerifThis is an old category. All of the above are proportional.
Monospace/
Fixed-width
:
Courier Courier CourierLucida console, Monaco, Courier New, Prestige, Everson Mono, Andale Mono, Consolas, Lucida Sans Typewriter, Arial Monospace, Letter Gothic, Typewriter, Typewriter Gothic, MICR
Cursive*
Script:
Mac

Win
Brush Script MT, Comic Sans, Lucida Handwriting, Zapf Chancery, Caflisch Script, Adobe Poetica, , Andale Mono, Sanvito, Ex Ponto, Snell Roundhand |
Font Squirrel, FontMenu, 001 Fonts, Fontdeck
Fantasy:Mac

Win
Copperplate Gothic Bold, Papyrus, Impact, Playbill, Alpha Geometrique, Critter, Cottonwood, FB Reactor, Studz
FontSpace
Other Font Classes - Examples
Script
Handwriting:
Casual, Decorative script, Display, Experimental script, Formal, Handwritten, Simple
FontSpace, FontMenu
Calligraphy: Calligraphic, Chancellerie Moderne, Oncial, Willegha
FontMenu, FontSpace
Blackletter
Old English
Old German
Square Text, BlackChancery, Camelot Caps, Anglican Text, Canterbury, Celtic Hand, Anglo Text, Fiddums Family, Breitkopf Fraktur, Blankenburg
FontMenu, 1001 Fonts (blackletter), (Old English), (Old German)
Non-Latin: Arabic, Armenian, Cherokee, Cyrillic, Greek, Inuktitut,
Fontdeck
Symbol: ITC Zapf Dingbats Webdings Wingdings Carta, Archangel-Icon
FontMenu, skyje
Display: All caps, Art Deco, Blackletter, Braggadocio, Broadway, Comic Strip Lettering, Computer-related, Cooper Black, Decorative, Experimental, Fat Face, Funny, Futuristic, Geometric, Grunge, Playbill, Poster, Sans serif, San Francisco, Stencil, Slab serif, Stencil,
FontSpace, 1001 Fonts, Wikipedia, Font Squirrel
Posters/Flyers: - FontSpace, 1001 Fonts
Headline: | FontSquirrel:, 1001 Fonts
Decorative: Hanalei, Arizona, Blackout, Boogaloo | FontSpace, FontMenu
Art Deco:Corbert, Parish,...
FontSpace, 1001 Fonts, Font Squirrel
There is a lot of overlap e.g. between decorative and poster.
FontSpace, 1001 Fonts, Font Squirrel, FontPalace and FontMenu have a lot more categories.

* w3.org includes Cursive as a category.
But The NEW Web Typography says, Most type systems would not include cursive as the major category, instead calling this script or calligraphic fonts. So, while cursive type implies a more formal handwritten font, we include the more calligraphic script style and more informal handwriting style.

Fonts at w3.org says, Setting font properties will be among the most common uses of style sheets (CSS). Unfortunately, there exists no well-defined and universally accepted taxonomy for classifying fonts, and terms that apply to one font family may not be appropriate for others. E.g., 'italic' is commonly used to label slanted text, but slanted text may also be labeled as being Oblique, Slanted, Incline, Cursive or Kursiv. Therefore it is not a simple problem to map typical font selection properties to a specific font.

Web Fonts:
Browsers use the font files on your computer to render fonts. Because certain fonts -- supposedly -- come bundled in all versions of Operating Systems (OSs) [Windows, Mac OS X, and Linux] these fonts are considered "web safe."

Web Safe Fonts: See CSS w3schools.com
Web page authors should specify alternatives in case the specific font you want
is not installed on a particular OS. Specify similar fonts ending in a generic-family.
e.g. CSS = p{font-family:"Times New Roman", Times, serif}
This is called "font stacking"
Note: Fonts may show up as the default (usually times) if they do not exist on your computer.
This is what the default (unrecognized name) looks like abcdefg MNOPQRST

Serif                                            abcdefg MNOPQRST
Times New Roman                                  abcdefg MNOPQRST
Times                                            abcdefg MNOPQRST
Georgia                                          abcdefg MNOPQRST
Palatino                                         abcdefg MNOPQRST
Palatino Linotype                                abcdefg MNOPQRST
Book Antiqua                                     abcdefg MNOPQRST
 
Sans-Serif                                       abcdefg MNOPQRST
Arial                                            abcdefg MNOPQRST
Helvetica                                        abcdefg MNOPQRST
Trebuchet MS                                     abcdefg MNOPQRST
Arial Black                                      abcdefg MNOPQRST
Impact                                           abcdefg MNOPQRST
Lucida Grande                                    abcdefg MNOPQRST
Lucida Sans Unicode                              abcdefg MNOPQRST
Tahoma                                           abcdefg MNOPQRST
Geneva                                           abcdefg MNOPQRST
Verdana                                          abcdefg MNOPQRST
Geneva                                           abcdefg MNOPQRST
 
Monospace                                        abcdefg MNOPQRST
Courier                                          abcdefg MNOPQRST
Courier New                                      abcdefg MNOPQRST
Lucida Console                                   abcdefg MNOPQRST
Monaco                                           abcdefg MNOPQRST
 
Cursive                                                abcdefg MNOPQRST
   Font images      |               Windows 7 IE - ??? 
  captured from     | Windows 7 Chrome - Comic Sans MS 
  indicated browser |        Mac OS X - Apple Chancery 
comic sans MS                                    abcdefg MNOPQRST
Brush Script MT                                  abcdefg MNOPQRST
Lucida Handwriting                               abcdefg MNOPQRST
Zapf Chancery                              abcdefg MNOPQRST

fantasy                                          abcdefg MNOPQRST
                         Windows 7 IE - Gabriola 
                       Windows 7 Chrome - Impact 
                              Mac OS X - Papyrus 
Papyrus                                          abcdefg MNOPQRST
Gabriola                                         abcdefg MNOPQRST
Impact                                           abcdefg MNOPQRST
Copperplate                                      abcdefg MNOPQRST

See also:
CSS Font Stack :: A complete collection of web safe CSS font stacks :: Web Fonts
Web Safe Fonts - A Tutorial by George Jaros

Fonts bundled in Operating Systems, Windows, Mac OS X, Linux
Microsoft Windows:
Fonts (Latin) installed with Windows 8
Note: The installation of any particular font may be dependent on the installation options that are selected.
Abadi MT Condensed Light Book Antiqua Calisto MT Cambria Candara Century Gothic Comic Sans MS Consolas Constantia Copperplate Gothic Bold Copperplate Gothic Light Corbel Franklin Gothic Medium Gabriola Georgia Impact Lucida Console Lucida Handwriting Italic News Gothic MT Palatino Linotype Segoe Print Segoe Script Segoe UI Symbol Trebuchet MS Verdana Westminster Segoe UI v5.00[3] Segoe UI v5.01[4] Segoe UI v5.27[5] Arial Arial Black Courier New Times New Roman Microsoft Sans Serif Tahoma Lucida Sans Unicode Calibri Light Calibri
Fonts that are installed with Microsoft Office 2010 Products:

Agency, Algerian, Book Antiqua, Arial, Baskerville Old Face, Bell MT, Bernard MT, 
 Condensed, Book Antiqua, Bodoni MT, Bookman Old Style, Bradley+Hand ITC, Britannic Bold,, 
 Berlin Sans FB, Broadway, Brush Script MT, Bookshelf Symbol+7, Calibri, Californian FB,  
 Calisto MT, Cambria & Cambria Math, Cambria, Candara, Castellar, Century Schoolbook,  
 Centaur, Century, Chiller, Colonna MT, Consolas, Contantia, Cooper Black, Copperplate Gothic,  
 Corbel, Curlz MT, Elephant, Engravers, Eras ITC, Felix Titling, Forte, Franklin Gothic, 
 Franklin Gothic Book,  Franklin Gothic Demi, Franklin Gothic Heavy, Franklin Gothic Medium Cond,  
 Freestyle Script, French Script MT, Footlight MT Light, Gabriola, Garamond, Gigi, Gill Sans MT,  
 Gill+Sans+Ultra Bold, Gloucester MT Extra, Century Gothic, Goudy Old Style, Goudy Stout,  
 Harlow+Solid+Italic, Harrington, Haettenschweiler, High+Tower+Textc, Imprint MT Shadow,  
 Informal Roman, Blackadder ITC, Edwardian Script ITC, Kristen ITC, Jokerman, Juice ITC,  
 Kunstler+Script, Wide Latin, Lucida, Lucida Bright Demibold, Lucida Calligraphy,  
 Lucida Fax, Lucida Handwriting Italic, Lucida Sans, Lucida Sans Typewriter, Magneto Bold,  
 Maiandra GD, Matura MT Script Capitals, Meiryo, Meiryo UI, Mistral, Modern No. 20,  
 Monotype Corsiva, MT Extra, Niagara Engraved, Niagara Solid, OCR A Extended,  
 Old English Text MT,  Onyx, MS Outlook, Palace+Script MT, Papyrus, Parchment,  
 Perpetua, Perpetua Titling MT, Playbill, Poor Richard, Pristina, Rage Italic, Ravie,  
 MS Reference Sans Serif, MS+Reference+Specialty, Rockwell, Rockwell, Century Schoolbook,  
 Script MT Bold, Segoe UI, Showcard Gothic, Snap ITC, Stencil, Tw Cen MT, Tempus+Sans ITC,  
 Viner Hand ITC, Vivaldi Italic, Vladimir Script, Wingdings2, Wingdings3

Note: Certain programs (e.g. MS Publisher) will add fonts.
List of typefaces included with Microsoft Windows - Wikipedia

Mac OS X Fonts
San-Serif:
Apple Gothic, Arial, Chalkduster, Charcoal, Chicago, Futura, Geneva, Gill Sans, Helvetica, Helvetica Neue, Lucida Grande, New Peninim, Tahoma, Trebuchet MS, Verdana;
Serif:
American Typewriter, Apple Garamond, Baskerville, Big Caslon, Cooper, Didot, Georgia, Hoefler Text, New York, Palatino, Plantagenet Cherokee, Times, Times New Roman
Title:
Sans: Apple Casual, Chalkboard, Gadget, Impact, Skia, Techno; Serif: Copperplate
Mono:
Serif: Courier, Courier New; Sans: Courier, Courier New
Script:
Apple Chancery, Brush Script, Zapf Chancery; Script-Deco: Zapfino,
Deco:
Comic Sans, Marker Felt, Papyrus, Sand, Textile, Herculanum
Symbol:
Symbol; Picto: Apple Symbols, Zapf Dingbats

Non-Latin:
Al Bayan, Apple LiGothic, Apple LiSung, Apple Myungjo, Arial Hebrew, Ayuthaya, Baghdad, Beijing, BiauKai, Corsiva Hebrew, DecoType Naskh, Devanagari, Fang Song, Geeza Pro, Geezah, Gujarati, Gung Seoche, Gurmukhi, Hangangche, HeadlineA, Hei, Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro, Hiragino Kaku Gothic ProN, Hiragino Kaku Gothic Std, Hiragino Kaku Gothic StdN, Hiragino Maru Gothic Pro, Hiragino Maru Gothic ProN, Hiragino Mincho Pro, Hiragino Mincho ProN, Inai Mathi, Jung Gothic, Kai, Krungthep, KufiStandard GK, LiHei Pro, LiSong Pro, Mshtakan, Nadeem, NISC GB18030, PC Myungjo, Pilgiche, Raanana, Sathu, Seoul, Shin Myungjo Neue, Silom, Song, ST FangSong, ST Heiti, ST Kaiti, ST Song, Tae Graphic, Taipei, Thonburi, Osaka, Charcoal CY, Geneva CY, Monaco CY, Helvetica CY, Times CY
Other:
.AquaKana, Cochin, Euphemia UCAS, Keyboard, LastResort, Optima

Mac OS X 10.5: Fonts list (support.apple.com)
List of typefaces included with OS X - Wikipedia

Serif
NameWindUNIXMac
abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz Timesx**
abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz Times New RomanOS
abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz Palatinox**
abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz GarmondO
abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz Bookman(*)*
abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz ITC Bookmanx
abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz Bookman Old StyleO
abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz Century SchoolbookO*
San Serif
NameWindUNIXMac
abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz Helveticax**
abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz ArialOS*
abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz Lucida**
abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz Century Gothicx*
abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz Tahomax
abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz VerdanaE,O
abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz AvantGardex
Monospaced
NameWindUNIXMac
abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz Courierx**
abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz Courier NewOS*
abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz Monaco*
abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz Lucida Consolex
abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz Lucidatypewriter*
Cursive
NameWindUNIXMac
abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz Brush Script MT (cursive)O
Zapf Chanceryx*A cursive font on UNIX, but just Italic on Windows
Fantasy
NameWindUNIXMac
abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz Arial BlackO
abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz AlgerianO
abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz PlaybillO
abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz Comic Sans MSO
abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz Western

OS - Comes with NT and Win 95 OS
O - Comes with MS Office
E - Comes with Internet Explorer
x - I have it on a basic NT machine but don't know where it came from
Installing Fonts:
.eot  - Embedded OpenType Font
.otf  - OpenType Font - Newer - Adobe and Micorosof
.ttf  - TrueType Font - Most common - Apple 1980's for Mac and Win
.woff - Web Open Font Format File

Win - Double click or right font file
Mac - Open the font from the Font Book app or drag the font to the closed system folder

Setting Default Fonts in Browsers:
Default Fonts | gottheknack.com
Links:
Font lists at: FontSpace, 1001 Fonts, Font Squirrel and FontMenu

Other font pages here:
Typography
Fonts for Mac
and fonts for the web

More:
Browse web fonts | Fontdeck
Google Fonts
How to Name Fonts on the Web - The NEW Web Typography - Medium
Letter Styles | The Southwell Co. | Cast Metal Plaques, Historical Markers, Cut Out Letters & Signs Since 1866
Free Fonts, Cool Fonts - UrbanFonts.com
Identifont - Identify fonts by appearance, find fonts by name
Special Character coding for the web (Char Entity Names)
Fonts In Use - Type at work in the real world.
FontsGeek
Font Families | Microsoft
Common fonts to all versions of Windows & Mac equivalents
Web Safe fonts at: MIT, cross-browser.com, W3.org
fonts.com
Web Safe Fonts at - Design Tutor , Web Safe Fonts | The Internet Digest (TID)
Scientific Poster Design and Layout | Fonts, Colors, Contrasts, Screen vs. Print | MakeSigns.com Scientific Posters
Character Sets
Font choices play a crucial role in presentation design Browser-SafeFonts OS
fonthaus.com
Reading and Typography
It's About Typography
Common fonts to all versions of Windows & Mac equivalents