Sailboat types:

The generic term for the front sail is the headsail, which may be jib or genoa.
See terms below>

• A sloop rig has 1 mast, with a jib and mainsail.
• A cutter is a sloop with 2 foresails(jib, staysail) and a mainsail.
• A ketch has 2 masts. It has a foresail,main and missin. It could have a staysail, if it is a cutter ketch.
• A yawl has 2 masts, one behind the rudder post. The jigger on the 2nd mast is a control sail, not normally used for upwind power.
• A schooner has 2 masts, the 2nd mast is taller. It may also have additional masts, up to 7. Normal configuration consists of jib, staysail, foresail and main. You can add topsail, and/or yankee jib and fisherman sail.

Yawl or Ketch vs Sloop Preferably a yawl or ketch rig for those times when the auxilliary collapses and dies around the time I am pulling into a marina, and, for a balanced sail with a little less main.

Yawls (normally with headsail(s) can sail any point of the wind without the mains'l.

Advantages of a Sloop

• A sloop is generally faster and sails closer to the wind.
• Sloops have fewer sails than ketches to buy and maintain.
• With a sloop, there is less standing and running rigging with one mast, which means there is less to manage and maintain overall.
• As the most popular contemporary boat, sloops are available in a wide variety.

• Sloop sails are generally larger and heavier, requiring more strength for handling, hoisting, and trimming, particularly on a larger boat.
• Sloops have fewer options to reduce sail area in stronger winds. Sloops offer only reefing or furling of the sails.

• Ketches have smaller sails. These sails are more easily managed and hoisted on a larger boat, which is why ketches are preferred by many older sailors.
• Using only two sails at a time provides multiple options for managing different sailing conditions, such as strong winds.

• Ketch rigs generally do not sail as fast or as close to the wind as a sloop sailboat.
• Ketches have more standing rigging (shrouds and stays) and running rigging (halyards and sheets) to manage and maintain.
• The mizzenmast in ketches takes up space in the stern.
• There are fewer ketches available on the market. Ketches are more popular as an older boat.

Sloops come in all sizes, from 8-foot dinghies to maxi boats over a hundred feet long. A sloop uses what is called a Bermuda or Marconi rig. This is the tall, thin, triangular mainsail that's commonly seen on the waters of popular boating areas.

The sloop rig generally is simpler to use and cheaper to build than a ketch rig. Because of the wind and sail dynamics involved, a sloop is almost always faster than other rigs in boats of comparable size, especially when sailing windward.

A ketch always has a mainsail without a jib. A ketch that rigs a jib (triangular sail above) the jib is a Dundee.

Placed far back on the boat, it often requires a mallet tail (a kind of bowsprit towards the back) to carry its sheet. It can be fitted with an under-bar for its rigidity.

A yawl is often considered a suitable rig for a short handed or single handed sailor. This is because the mainsail is not quite so big to handle and the mizzen (before the days of modern self steering gear) could allow the sails to be trimmed to keep a boat on the same course. Also, handing (taking down) the mizzen is a quick and easy way of reducing sail,

In the North of Scotland, yawl is cognate with yole or yoal. There are examples in both Shetland and Orkney, with type and local variations in design. The Shetland boats include foureens and sixareens - the names denote the number of oars they were designed to use. Both also had sailing rigs - usually a single masted dipping lug. A sixareen was typically 24 to 25 feet (7.3 to 7.6 metres)long overall. The foureen was around 20 feet (6.1 metres) overall.

Schooner The schooner has at least 2 masts, but can carry more. The masts are either identical in size, or the foremast (foremast) is smaller than the main mast. There are many forms of sail on schooners that the foresail rigged as a mainsail (on a boom) or as a jib with the halyard point on the main mast.

Among the known examples of ketch we can quote Pen Duick VI with which Tarbaly won the solo transatlantic race or Joshua with which Moitessier made his famous round-the-world trip

Tech Dinghy (pictured)
Conceived for use at college sailing programs and designed by Prof. George Owen of MIT.
THe Sunfish (below) is the most popular single sail boat.

20 Best Small Sailboats for the Weekender

The ISAF International Class Hobie 16 (H16) (pictured)is a popular catamaran manufactured by the Hobie Cat Company for racing and day sailing. the Hobie 16 is the second largest boat fleet in existence with over 135,000 boats built to date.
Designed to work without the need for daggerboards so the catamaran could be run up the beach without worry. The rudders kick up automatically by lifting up on the tiller crossbar.

See also Sailing under sports

• Jib - The most common type of headsail. A triangular sail in front of the mainsail.
  main functions of the Jib is that it funnels the airflow along the front of the mainsail. This improves the airflow. Moreover, the jib gives control over the bow of the boat, thus making it easier to maneuver the boat.
• Genoa - A head sail that goes past the mast. They are are triangular, and tend to overlap the mainsail, to some extent. It has basically the same function as a jib.

  Firling system - A way to roll up a jib

• Forestay
Fairlead - fitting that a line passes through to guide it in a particular direction. Jam Cleets Lines - Roaps
• Luff
• stays
• lines,
Traveler - Line connected to the main sheet
• winches
• hallyards

Links:
Ness Boats
4 Most Common Sailboat Rigs | YouTube
How to distinguish a ketch, a yawl or a schooner? | BoatsNews Genoa VS Jibs – What Is The Difference Between Them?
Sailing Terminology| Omokoroa Sea Scpits
20 Best Small Sailboats for the Weekender