Electric Vehicle Charging - EV Charging Standards

Under Construction

last updated 29 Oct 2020

Charging Levels:

Level Time for S/X 100

Level 1 (120 volt) charging 4 days

Level 2 (240 volt) charging 6-30 hrs

Level 3 (480 volt) Supercharging
or DC fast charging 30 minutes to 170 mi. range

Level	Time for S/X 100
Level 1 (120 volt) charging	4 days
Level 2 (240 volt) charging	6-30 hrs
Level 3 (480 volt) Supercharging or DC fast charging	30 minutes to 170 mi. range

EV Chargers
Most cars sold in the US take a J1772 plug. Tesla has it's own system.

CHAdeMO DC fast charging charging.

J1772 Charging Stations They usually come in
1. Hardwired versions with a pigtail to go into a junction box.
2. Plugin models with NEMA 14-50 or 6-50 options.

Plugin

Standard 240 V AC Plugs:

All have a SAE J1772 connector to plug into the vehicle’s inlet.
See What Different Plug Types are Available on EV Charging Stations? | ClipperCreek

Hardwired
See:
The Ultimate Buyer's Guide To Home EV Chargers: Plus Top 5 Picks

Source: Charging cable and plug types | MobilityHouse

DC Fast Chargers, also known as Level 3 or CHAdeMO charging stations, can offer 60 to 100 miles of range for your electric car in just 20 minutes of charging. However, they are typically only used in commercial and industrial applications. Tesla superchargers are similar.

The fastest DC stations, capable of delivering up to 400 kilowatts, can recharge cars within 10 minutes, but they are not common.
DC Fast Chargers (also known as Level 3 or CHAdeMO EV charging stations) DC Fast Chargers, also known as Level 3 or CHAdeMO charging stations, can offer 60 to 100 miles of range for your electric car in just 20 minutes of charging. However, they are typically only used in commercial and industrial applications

Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) J1772 US Standard.
Combined Charging System (CCS) favored by Europe,

CHAdeMO - Nissan Leaf
CCS - BMW i3
Supercharger - Tesla Model S
China GB/T - ?

Unfortunately, while fast charging electric cars were available in 2011 (Nissan Leaf, Mitsubishi i-MiEV), CHAdeMO charging infrastructure didn’t grow very fast. Some automakers lobbied against CHAdeMO deployment because it wasn’t an SAE-blessed standard. Instead the CHAdeMO was standard co-developed by TEPCO and the Japanese automakers. Instead of adopting CHAdeMO, the SAE developed their own fast charging standard (Combo Charging System), Tesla Motors developed a proprietary fast charging system (Supercharger), and the Chinese developed a different fast charging standard.

CHAdeMO protocol is, and has always been the most widely deployed DC fast charging protocol in the world, but it is now officially recognised as an international DC charging standard by the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), a leading global organisation that publishes international standards for electric and electronic products and related technologies.

European Charging Station

Electric carmakers in Europe are going to war over which plug to use - Business Insider

In all of the aforementioned technical committees, CHAdeMO is among the 3 different systems that were approved to be international DC charging standards: CHAdeMO proposed by Japan (System A), GB/T by China (B), COMBO1 by the US and COMBO2 by Germany (C).

CAN is a data protocol used between components inside cars, while PLC is part of the smart grid protocols.
CHAdeMO officially recognised as international DC Fast Charging Standard published by IEC - Chademo Association

Standard 240 V AC Plugs:

NEMA 14-50 issues:
There have been some reports of fires with NEMA 14-50 installations.
Most were from improper installation. e.g. installation in a small standard outlet box without room to properly terminate the wires.

Tesla has stopped shipping the NEMA adapters with some models and it is a $35 option.

Some codes say you need a Ground Fault Circuit Interrupter (GFCI) which is about $100 more.
All

Terms:

AWG - American Wire Gauge
BEV - Battery Electric Vehicle (Tesla, Volt, LEAF, ...)
CCS - Combined Charging System Favored in Europe
CHAdeMO - Supported by Japanese automakers such as Nissan and Mitsubishi. https://www.chademo.com/ CHAdeMO officially recognised as international DC Fast Charging Standard published by IEC - Chademo Association https://www.chademo.com/chademo-officially-recognised-as-international-dc-fast-charging-standard-published-by-iec/
CharIN - Charging Interface Initiative
EVSE - Electric Vehicle Service Equipment (charging station) (Siemens VersiCharge, JuiceBox, Chargepoint, ...)
ICE car - Combustion engine car In Case of Emergency
HPWC - High Power Wall Charger
MC - Mobile Connector
MrPH - Miles of range per hour of charge.
NEC National Electrical Code
NEMA National Electrical Manufacturer Association
NEMA 1 - Indoor NEMA 3 & 4 - Indoor and Outdoor
SAE Society of Automotive Engineers
IEC - International Electrotechnical Commission
LR M3 - Long Range Model 3
NEMA - National Electrical Manufacturers Association
NEMA 14-50 has a 4 wires (line 1, line 2, ground and neutral) common in Recreational Vehicle Parks which need both 120V and 240V.
The Tesla Corded Mobile Connector uses a 14-50, but the neutral is not needed. NEMA 6-50 has 3 wires (line,1 line 2, and Ground) used with the Volt.
NEMA 14-30 has 3 wires and is used for electric clothes dryers.,
NESC - National Electrical Safety Code Committee
OBC - On-Board Charger
PHEV - Plug-in Hybrid Electric vehicle (Chrysler Pacifica, Ford Fusion Energi, Kia Niro, Hyundai Sonata Plug-in)
UMC - Universal Mobile Connector - A generic term for Tesla's Corded Mobile Connector">Corded Mobile Connector

Links:
Tesla Home Charging
EV DC Fast Charging standards - CHAdeMO, CCS, SAE Combo, Tesla Supercharger, etc Electric Vehicle Charging Guide | ChargeHub
The Ultimate Electric Car Charger Guide
How Do EV Charging Stations Work in 2018? | EnergySage
Electric carmakers in Europe are going to war over which plug to use - Business Insider – Europe Sets Common Standard for Electric Vehicle Charging | ENS
Tesla Home Charging
Load management to manage multiple electric cars | Mobility House
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