last updated 18 Jan 2020

Charging stations or charging hubs for multiple devices with a variety of cables are popular now.
They identify the type of device and apply the proper power.
Most devices are protected in that they will only draw the amount of current required despite higher capacity of a port.
To get higher voltage on QC or PD ports they have to request it.

There are 2 types of USB output ports on power supplies.
Power supply or laptop output ports:
USB-A - The old standard port - Limited to 5V 2.4 A output for charging
USB-C - Came into use around 2018 3+A - The new standard
USB PD (Power Delivery)- Same form factor as USB-C but can supply up to 20V and 5A

The other end that plugs into your device has a variety of form factors
  See below

Cable types - plug at the end

Icons
                  
Standard  USB QC        USB PD 
  USB     Quick         Power
          Charge      Distribution
See USB in tech for cable pictures.

Here are some of the protocols and cables available:
Charging Station Options

New laptops have usb charging usually 60 - 87 watts.

The chargers below do not come with a USB-C to lightning cable
See Fast charge your iPhone 8 or above Apple Support
USB-C to Lightning Cable (1 m) - Apple $19
AUKEY USB C to Lightning Cable (1ft 2-Pack MFi Certified) $20
There are dozens of these. I couldn't find any reviews which looked at more than 5. Here are a couple which were recommended in several places.2.1-2.4
Model Satechi 7-Port COSOOS 105W Cosoos1 Pezin & Hulin2 SIIG
Satechi  COSOOS amazon COSOOS Direct Pezin & Hulin SIIG
Price $50.00 $33.00 $40.00 $28.00 $63.00
power hub y y y n2
Ports 7 6 6 10
Cables 0 7 7 0
lightning 2 2
Micro usb 2 2
USB-C 2 2
USB-C to
UCB-C
1
Qi wireless pad y
Apple watch y y y
Max output watts 30 watts 50 105 4 90
1 A Ports 4 2
2.4 A ports 3 5 9
2 A ports 5
QC 3.0 port 3 1 1
USB-C PD3 45 watts 1
1. The COSOOS is listed at 90 W in the Amazon add but 105 W on their web page and on the back of the device.

2. The Pezin & Hulin is just a stand with a box beneath it where you need to put a charging hub purchased separately. You get the flexibility of mix and matching and switching out hubs, but the complete setup will cost more.

3. The USB-C PD (Power Delivery) port is the same as the QC (Quick Charge)3.0 port.

4. From COSOOS <service@cosoos.com>
The 105 watt COSOOS charging station consumes a little power during standy and works at low power when no devides is in charging.
It is highly recommended to unplug the power supply when do not use for a long time for the sake of product life and safe.


A couple of others that had good reviews and looked interesting:

- Amazon.com: Charging Station for Multiple Devices Wood Dock Organizer Charging Station for Apple Watch, iPhone, iPad, Universal Mobile Phones and Tablets,

- Amazon.com: Simicore Smart Charging Station Dock & Organizer for Smartphones, Tablets & Other Gadgets - 4-Port Compact Multiple USB Charger & Phone Docking Station with Charging Status Indicator (Silver): Electronics

- Amazon.com: Tidyhome Fast Charging Station for Multiple Devices - Family Charge Docking Station&Organizer - 5 USB Port and 1 Qi Wireless Charging Pad - Compatible with iPhone iPad and Android Phone and Tablet: Vivihoo

- Amazon.com: MSTJRY 5 Ports Charging Station Black USB Charging Station with 5 Short Cables: DGStore-US


Links:
Fast charge your iPhone - Apple Support
Galaxy Note8 - Identify the correct charger (SM-N950W) | Samsung Support CA Can You Use Any Charger With Any Device? | HowToGeek 2018
The best USB-C PD chargers of 2020 - CNET
10 multi-device charging station that will declutter your desk | PowerBankExpert.com
How USB Charging Works, or How to Avoid Blowing Up Your Smartphone - ExtremeTech 2017
Speed, Thermal & Performance Comparison of Fast Charging Standards

What Is Fast Charging? | PCMag.com
USB in tech