Don's Home Technology Data Communications Interfaces | Contact |
Under Construction. Contents: PC Connectors | Internal PC | ISP - DCE to DCE | Wireless | WAN | Glossary Speeds/Protocols |
Physical | Protocol | Speed | Typical Use | |
---|---|---|---|---|
PC Connecter (Connectors) | ||||
Serial | RS-232 | 9.6Kbps - 115Kbps | modems, PDA | |
Parallel | Centronics | 150K Bytes/sec | printer, Scanner | |
Enhanced Parallel (EPP) | IEEE 1284-B | 600K Bytes/sec - 1.5M Bytes/s | printer, Scanner | |
USB | USB-1.1 | 1.5Mbps, 12Mbps | scanners, printers, cameras, modems, CD-ROM drives, PDAs 5v * | |
USB | USB-2 | 480 Mbits/sec | scanners, printers, cameras, modems, CD-ROM drives, PDAs 5v ... | |
USB USB Micro-B | USB-3 | 5Gbps | external hard drives | |
USB-C | USB-C10Gbps | external hard drives | ||
USB OTG | ? | cameras, mobil phones, PDAs, GPS, printer, PC | ||
FireWire 400 | IEEE 1394 | 100-400Mbps | Digital Video, CD-RW, HardDisks | |
FireWire 800 | 1394b | 800Mbps - 3.2Gbps | ||
USB-C | Thunderbolt 3 | 20 Gbps | external hard drives | |
USB-C | <Thunderbolt 4 | 40 Gbps | external hard drives | |
eSATA | SATA/150 | 150 MByte/sec | External Hard Drive. Notebooks can use a PCI card. | |
eSATA | SATA II or SATA/3Gbs | 300 MByte/sec | ||
SCSI | 1 | 5 MByte/sec | scanners, hard disk | |
SCSI | Fast Wide 2 | 20 MByte/sec | ||
SCSI | Ultra | 160 MByte/sec | Data storage | |
Fibre Channel | 133Mbps - 4.2Gbs | Communications & SAN | ||
Ethernet | 802.3 | 10Mbps (10Base-T) | LAN, DSL, Cable Modem | |
Ethernet | 802.3u | 100Mbps (100Base-TX) | LAN | |
Wireless | (see Wireless below) | |||
Infrared | IrDA-SIR | 9600 bps to 115.2 Kbps | PDA, Printer, LAN 1-10 ft. | |
Infrared | IrDA-MIR | 1.15 Mbps | ||
Infrared | IrDA-FIR | 4 Mbps | ||
PC Card | PCMCIA | (see Internal Connectors below) |
Physical | Protocol | Speed | Typical Use |
---|---|---|---|
Modem | (see Data Comm. Equip. below) | ||
Audio-Video (AV) | |||
Analog | |||
VGA | VGA, SVGA, XVA, | PC Monitor | |
RGB | RGB Monitor | ||
RCA | composite video NTSC/PAL | CamCorder, VCR, TV | |
S-Video | CamCorder, VCR, TV | ||
S/PDIF | IEC-958 | CD, DVD (75 ohm coax) | |
Digital | |||
DVI-D | Digital Video - Digital Only | ||
DVI-I | Digital Video Integrated - capable of an additional analog signal for legacy devices. | ||
ADC | Apple Display Connector | ||
HDMI | 10.2Gbps | Hi Definition TV Bluray Disc players, HDTVs External monitors. | |
Display Port | 21.6Gbps | - Greater resolution, faster refresh rates, and more color depth than HDMI | |
Thunderbolt | 10Gbps | HD Video, Data, power, | |
Internal PC Connector (Connectors) | |||
System Bus | ISA | 16 bit 8 Mhz | NIC, Video Card, Sound Card, Modem, Interface card (SCSI, USB, ..) |
System Bus | EISA | 32 bit 8 Mhz | |
System Bus | PCI | 32-64 bit 33 Mhz (132MBs) | |
System Bus |
PCIe Express | 32-133 MHz 64 bit | |
System Bus | AGP 2x | 32 bit 66 Mhz (528MBs) | Video Card for fast 3D video. |
System Bus | AGP 4x | 1 Gbs | |
PC Card | PCMCIA | 16 bit 20 MBytes/sec | modem, NIC, CDPD, RAM |
CardBus | PCMCIA | 32 bit 80 MBytes/sec | |
ATA | IDE | 33-100 MBytes/s | Hard disk controller |
ATAPI | IDE | 1-6 MBytes/s | CD-ROM interface |
CD | CD-ROM | 1X = 153KB/s 24X = 3.6MB/sec | Audio - 650MB |
DVD | DVD-ROM | 1x ~= 1.32MB/s 8X = 10.8MB/sec | Video - 4.37GB [8.5GB for Dual Layer (DL)] |
Blu-ray | BD-ROM | 1x ~= 36MB/s 12X = 432MB/sec | HD Video - 25GB [Dual Layer 50GB] |
Fax | V.17 | 14,400 bps | |
Modem | V.90 | up to 56Kbps downstream | |
Modem | V.34bis | up to 33.6Kbps | |
Modem | V.34 | 28.8Kbps | |
ISDN | 64-128Kbps for BRI, 1.5Mbps for PRI | ||
DSL/ADSL | Typical Downstream 384Kbps; Upstream 128Kbps Max. downstream 7.1 Mbps upstream 680Kbps higher speeds cost more | ||
Cable Modem analog See HFC below for digital | Typical Downstream: 1 Mbps; Upstream 128Kbps Max: 52 Mbps downstream; upstream: 4 Mbps uses 1 - 6 MHz channel for downstream: 27-36Mbps agregated; | ||
Fiber to the Home (FTTH) | Typical Downstream 10-20 Mbps; Upstream 2-5 Mbps Verizon FiOS offers 30 Mbps for business. Fiber is capable of 2.5 Gbps/channel | ||
Broadband over Powerline (BPL) | |||
CATV | 50 - 330, 450 or 550 MHz (6MHz/channel) | ||
HFC upstream | QPSK/16 QAM | 5 to 42 MHz voice/data 760-1000 MHz future signaling and other 2-way 3 Mbps | |
HFC downstream | 64/256 QAM DOCSIS | 50 to 550 80 NTSC TV cannels; 550 750 digital TV 750 - 860 MHz data (up to 38Mbps/6MHz channel) | |
HDTV | 8-VSB | 19.4Mbps over 6MHz channel | |
See Speed Tests |
Physical | Band | Speed | Typical Use | ||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Wireless (Antenna Connectors) | |||||||||||||||
Local Comm Private Area Network (PAN) | |||||||||||||||
BlueTooth | 2.4GHz | 720 Kbps | PAN, PDA, Mobil Phone to PC Distance Class 2 (phones, headsets) 10 m (32 ft)
| ||||||||||||
BlueTooth 2.0 EDR | 2.4GHz | 2.1 Mbps | EDR (Enhanced Data Rate) | ||||||||||||
BlueTooth 2.1 EDR | 2.4GHz | 3.0 Mbps | EDR (Enhanced Data Rate) | ||||||||||||
BlueTooth 3.0 HS | 2.4GHz | 24 Mbps | HS (High Speed) | ||||||||||||
BlueTooth 4.0 | 2.4GHz | 24 Mbps | PAN, PDA, Mobil Phone to PC Distance 10 m (32 ft) | ||||||||||||
BlueTooth LE 4.0+ | 2.4GHz | 24 Mbps | LE - Low energy - Bluetooth Smart built for the Internet of Things (IoT) e.g. heart rate monitor 32 ft up to 150 ft | ||||||||||||
NFC | 13.56 MHz | 400 Kbps | Near Field Communications max. 4-8 inches, phones, tablets, point of sale devices | ||||||||||||
UWB | 3.1- 10.6 GHz | 100 Mbps | Ultra-Wideband: 50 m Real-Time Location Systems (RTLS)e.g. Apple AirTag, Samsung SmartTag, Baby Monitors, Radio-frequency identification (RFID) tags, Digital Car Keys, Zigbee Devices, In iPhone 11, Galaxy Note 20 Ultra, Galaxy S21 Plus |
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ANT+ | 2.4GHz | Bike computers, heart monitors, blood glucose meters | |||||||||||||
Infrared IrDA-SIR | IR | 9600 bps to 115.2 Kbps | PDA, Printer, LAN 1-10 ft. | ||||||||||||
Home RF | 2.4GHz | 1.6 Mbps | PAN, (future 10 Mbps) | ||||||||||||
Z-Wave | 2.4GHz | Home automation IEEE 802.15.4 LR-PAN | |||||||||||||
Zigbee | 915MHz | Home automation IEEE 802.15.4 LR-PAN | |||||||||||||
802.11b (Wi-Fi) | 2.4GHz | 1,2,5.5,11 Mbps | PAN (Apple AirBus),PDA, Mobil Phone to PC Distance 50-500 ft. 11Mbps 100-175 ft. 5.5Mbps, 175-200 ft. 2 Mbps | ||||||||||||
802.11g | 2.4GHz | 54 Mbps | PAN/WLAN 50-300 ft. | ||||||||||||
802.11a (Wi-Fi5) | 5.5 GHz | 54, 108 Mbps | PAN/WLAN Distance 0-20 ft. 54Mbps, 20-40' 48Mbps, 40-75' 36Mbps, 75-85' 24Mbps, 20-135 ft. 18Mbps, 135-175' 12Mbps, 175-200+ 6Mbps | ||||||||||||
802.11n | 2.4 and 5 GHz | 100-450 Mbps | PAN/WLAN 50-300 ft. avail. 2007 | ||||||||||||
Some advertise 900 Mbps which is 450 Mbps on each band using wide channels. See wireless routers in products | |||||||||||||||
802.11ac | 2.4 GHz (n speeds only) and 5 GHz | 290 Mbps - 1.3 Gbps 3.5Gbps | 2013 2014 | ||||||||||||
Wi-Fi Direct 802.11 | 2.4 | 250 Mbps | 656 ft range. Device to Device without an access point. | ||||||||||||
Wide Area Comm | |||||||||||||||
CDPD | 800MHz | 19.2 Kbps (14.4 thruput) | E-mail, Web, meter reading | ||||||||||||
GSM | 900MHz | 9.6 Kbps | |||||||||||||
ARDIS | 800MHz | 19.2 Kbps | |||||||||||||
RAM | 900MHz | 8 Kbps | |||||||||||||
Ricochet | 902MHz | 28 Kbps | |||||||||||||
GPRS | 900,1800MHz 171 Kbps | 2.5G Voice/data mobil phone | |||||||||||||
CDMA2000 (1xRTT) | 824 MHz, 1.9 GHz | 153 Kbps | 2.5G Voice/data mobil phone (test by Sprint and Lucent 4/2001, avail 2003) | ||||||||||||
CDMA2000 1xEV | 1.9 GHz | 3G 2 Mbps Data only fixed | |||||||||||||
See Mobile Phone Technologies for more | |||||||||||||||
WAP | Works over CDPD, CDMA, TDMA, GSM,... | Short messages and e-mail to cell phones and pagers | |||||||||||||
LMDS | 28GHz | Downstream: 1.5-2 Gbps, Upstream 200Mbps | Wireless data to business | ||||||||||||
MMDS | 2.5GHz | 720 Kbps | Wirless Cable TV to homes | ||||||||||||
Satellite | downstream: 400 Kbps; upstream: 128Kbps | ||||||||||||||
See also: Electro-Magnetic Spectrum | |||||||||||||||
WAN | |||||||||||||||
(Note: Frame Relay and ATM are higher level-2 protocols/services which can run over T-1, T-3, SONET or other transport networks. | |||||||||||||||
T-1 | 1.544 Mbps | Point to Piont private net | |||||||||||||
T-3 | 45 Mbps | Point to Point private net | |||||||||||||
SONET | 53Mbps - 13Gbs (OC-1 - OC-256) | shared fiber optic backbone transport technology. | |||||||||||||
Frame Relay | 56Kbps - 45Mbps | shared access network service. | |||||||||||||
ATM | 56Kbps - 622Mbps | high speed switching service used by telcos and large organizations. Speeds will increase over time. | |||||||||||||
WDM | 640Gbs | A transport technology that uses multiple lasers and transmits several wavelengths of light (lambdas) simultaneously over a single optical fiber. | |||||||||||||
DWDM | 1Tbs | ||||||||||||||
SRSC | 6Tbs |
USB speeds | The Verge https://www.totalphase.com/blog/2020/01/naming-and-branding-changes-behind-superspeed-usb/
It has been revised several times.
In 2019, the USB Promoter Group announced the USB4 specification, which offers a substantial increase in signaling speed Ð up to 40 Gbps using a dual lane operation within a Type-C cable. With this newly introduced USB spec, it will provide a new opportunity for USB-IF to create a clear brand that distinctly indicates USB performance moving forward.
In 2020 the final USB 3.2 specification comprises of all prior 3.0 and 3.1 specifications and encompasses all three speeds: 5 Gbps, 10 Gbps, and 20 Gbps. For marketing and branding purposes, the SuperSpeed USB packaging logos include these performances for easier adoption by consumers:
Converters/adapters:
You can get adapters or converter interface cables for:
Pixela DV to USB 2.0 Cable $120 bundled with ImageMixer 2.0 Software at pixela-1.comYou can get PCMCIA cards and PC cards to add some interfaces.
Glossary | |
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1XEv 1x Evolution - Data Only 3G Wireless, which is sometimes called Phase 1+, provides 2 Mbps for data only. 1XRTT Phase 1 CDMA2000 3G Wireless technology. named for RTT Programmes Limited. 3G Third Generation Wireless supporting high speed data 3XRTT Phase 2 with 3x the rate of Phase 1 802.11 - Wireless Ethernet ADC Apple Display Connector ADSL Asymmetric DSL AGP Accelerated Graphics Port - A high-speed graphics port from Intel that provides a direct connection between the display adapter and memory. AGP 2x is 528 Mbytes/sec. AGP 4x is 1 Gbytes/sec. AGP 8x is 2 Gbytes/sec. ARDIS Wireless Data Network (now Motient) ATA AT Attachment - Official name of IDE interface to disk drives ATA-2 (Fast ATA) EIDE Interface also supports ATAPI. ATA-4 Ultra ATA (33 MBytes/s) also called ATA-33 ATA/100 UltraATA/100 ATA at 100 MBytes/s ATAPI ATA Packet Interface - Spec. for IDE CD-ROMs ATI ATI Technologies - Mfg. of graphics chips and display adapters ATM Asynchronous Transfer Mode BTLE - Bluetooth Low Energy CATV Community Antenna TV (Original name for Cable TV) CDPD Cellular Digital Packet Data CD-RW CD-Rewriteable Speeds: write, rewrite, read e.g. 8x4x32 = 1.2 MB/s write, 600KB/s rewrite, 4.8MB/s read CD-ROM Compact Disc Read Only Memory 650MB capacity 1x - 150 KBytes/sec 40x - 6 MBytes/sec. Access times 80 - 120ms CDMA Code Division Multiple Access - A spread spectrum technology used in radio transmission such as mobil phones. CDMA2000 A 3G wireless technology that increases data transmission rates. It goes by several names: IS-2000, MC-1X, IMT-CDMA MultiCarrier 1X & 1XRTT CIF - Common Interchange Format - Video Conferencing Resolution CMTS - Cable modem termination system CPU - Central Processing Unit e.g. Pentium, PowerPC DataTAC Motorola technology used in ARDIS wireless network DBS - direct broadcast satellite DCE Data Communications Equipment DDR Double Data Rate - Video DIMM Dual In-line Memory Module - sockets used for SDRAM DLC - Digital loop Carrier DMA Direct Memory Access - Specialized circuitry or a dedicated microprocessor that transfers data from memory to memory without using the CPU DOCSIS Data Over Cable Service Interface Specification. DRAM Dynamic RAM. Must be refreshed constantly, but are smaller and require less power than Static RAM. DSL Digital Subscriber Line DSLAM - Digital Subscriber Line Access Multiplexor DSSS Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (one of the methods used in wireless ethernet (802.11). Also used in CDMA transmision. DV Digital Video DVI Digital Visual Interface. Common for LCD displays. DVI-D Digital only DVI-I Digital and Analog DVC Digital Video Camera/Casette DWDM Dense WDM ECP Enhanced Capabilities Port - Mode for EPP designed for printers. It uses DMA channels, which reduces CPU overhead EDO - Extended Data Out - 72 pin memory chip 40MHz EIDE Enhanced IDE - Most PCs have 2 EIDE sockets for connecting dirves via a 40 pin ribbon cable. EISA Extended ISA Bus (Extends ISA from 16 to 32 bits) |
See also:
Network Architecture Connection chart with speeds at testmy.net Home Digital Media Resources (Standards, Formats, HDMI, DLNA, DVI, ...) Broadband Access Testing Methodology and Case Studies White Paper at spirentcom.com Wireless Antenna Connectors Connectors PINOUTS for FIREWIRE USB SCSI IDE SVGA EGA 13W3 at PCcables.com Buses: (Automotive Buses, PCIe Bus, Apple Buses, ...) Buses at google.com Pinouts at RepairFaq.org Cables USB for Win NT Funk & Wagnalls Telecomm page Cable Modems DSL Speed: Verizon, PacBell Computer Ports USB HDMI eSATA Thunderbolt | Computer repair Las Vegas | neoncomputers.com |