USB Connectors

History:
In the 90's mobile devices used proprietary charging connectors connected to serial ports, which computers had before USB.
In 1998, the iMac G3 was the first consumer computer to discontinue legacy ports (serial and parallel) in favor of USB.
2012 - USB Power Delivery (PD) standardized
In 2015 QualCom introduced Quick Charge (QC) 3.0
2018 QC 4.0 As of 2015, USB has mostly replaced several older standards. Those include the parallel port, serial port and SCSI. These old standards are still used for a few jobs where USB cannot replace them.
See charging mobil devices

• Computer and Charging Station connection
• USB-A old standard
• USB-C new (2018) Standard
• Cable types - plug at the end
• USB-C: LG Nexus phone, Samsung Galaxy Tab S3, iPad Pro, laptops including the new MacBooks
  USB PD (Power Distribution) for higher voltage up to 20 V and Amperage 5 A
  USB QC (Quick Charge) for higher voltage up to 20 V and Amperage 3 A
• Lightning: - iPhone, iPad - Should be MFI (Made for i-devices) certified.
  The iPhone 11 Pro comes with a USB-C to lightning cable for fast charging.
• Micro-USB B: Phone battery backup (power blocks), cameras, Play Stations (PSP), car jump start battery, Bluetooth headphones, Kindle, Bluetooth speakers,
• Micro-USB B Super Speed: USB 3 - 5 Gbps Data transmission to external hard disks
  USB 3.1 - 10 Gbps Super Speed usually uses USB-C on the computer end.
• USB Type B: Printers and Scanners

                 
Standard  USB QC        USB PD           USB
  USB     Quick         Power            Super
          Charge      Distribution       Speed
                                        10 Gbps

 

Mode Type   Nominal   Maximum  
            Voltage   Current  
USB2.0          5V      ~500mA
USB3.0/ USB3.1  5V      ~900mA
USB BC1.2       5V      ~1.5A
USB-C           5V       ~3A
USB PD      Up to 20V  ~up to 5A

USB 3.0

Connectors are backwards compatible with USB 1.1/2.0. The original 4 pins are still there. Expected transfer rate 4.7Gb/s.