3D Printing also called additive manufacturing

Technologies:
FDM Technology, About Fused Deposition Modeling
PolyJet
Materials:
Most Common
Plastic
ABS - Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene
PLA - Polylactic acid

See:
FDM Thermoplastics Material Overview | Stratasys
PolyJet Materials | Stratasys

Companies:
Stratasy
MakerBot 


Terms:
FDM - Fused Deposition Modeling