Planet	not to scale	Distance from the Sun 1	Revolu- tion Around the Sun 2	Mass (kg)	Diameter (mi km)	Temp. (K Range or Average)	Moons *	Atmos- phere
Sun ☉				2.0 x 1030	864,000 mi. 1,391,000 km	5,777° K
Mercury		0.31-0.47 AU 28.6 - 43.3 M mi	87.96 days	3.3 x 1023	3,031 mi 4,878 km	100-700° K	0
Venus 3		0.723 AU 66.8-67.6 M mi	224.68 days	4.87 x 1024	7,521 mi 12,104 km	726° K	0	CO2
Earth		1 AU 91.4-94.5 M mi	365.26 days	5.98 x 1024	7,926 mi 12,756 km	260-310° K	1	N2+O2
Mars		1.524 AU 128-155 M mi	686.98 days	6.42 x 1023	4,222 mi 6,787 km	150-310° K	2	CO2
Jupiter 3		5.203 AU 460-507 M mi	11.862 years	1.90 x 1027	88,729 mi 142,796 km	120° K (cloud tops)	38 *	H2+He
Saturn		9.539 AU 838-938 M mi	29.456 years	5.69 x 1026	74,600 mi 120,660 km	88° K	35 *	H2+He
Uranus 3		19.18 AU 1.70-1.86 B mi	84.07 years	8.68 x 1025	32,600 mi 51,118 km	59° K	27 *	H2+He
Neptune		30.06 AU 2.77-2.82 B mi	164.81 years	1.02 x 1026	30,200 mi 48,600 km	48° K	9 *	H2+He

Object	not to scale	Distance from the Sun 1	Revolu- tion Around the Sun 2	Mass (kg)	Diameter (mi km)	Temp. (K Range or Average)	Moons *	Atmos- phere
Ceres		2.5-3 AU	4.6 years		584 mi.
Pluto4		29.7-49.3 AU 2.76-4.59 B mi	247.7 years	1.29 x 1022	1,413 mi 2,274 km	37° K	14	CH4
Charon (Pluto's moon)4		29.7-49.3 AU	247.7 years	1.9 x 1021	750 mi 1,212 km	37° K
UB313 (Xena)		38-98 AU	c. 557 years		1,500 mi.		1
Other candidates for dwarf planets
Sedna ? 5		76-850 AU	c. 12,000 years		800-1,100 mi.
Orcus		30-48 AU	c. 248 years		c. 995 mi.
Quaoar		42-45 AU	c. 286 years		615-836? mi.

1. AU - Astronomical Unit - Average distance from earth to sun = 92.96 Million (M) mi = 149.60 M km
AU's are average distance except for Mercury (.21), Pluto (.25) and Sedna (.84) which have significant (> 0.20) eccentricity (oval orbits) where we show the distance at perihelion (closest to sun) and aphelion (farthest point). The eccentricity of the other planets range from 0.007 - 0.09.

2. Time to rotate around the sun is in earth days and years.
See orbital periods.

3. Planet colors:
Planet colors are determined by gases in their upper atmosphere. You will see pictures of different colors, some because they represent the planet under the clouds and sometimes because they are enhanced with filters to bring out patterns in the atmosphere.

You will see images of venus that are a violate color (taken in ultra-violet by the hubble telescope), and orange (what it looks like under the clouds). But it appears white (the cloudtops is all you see) in normal light. Venus is the brightest object in the sky except for the Sun and Moon. See Venus at the BBC.

Many photos of Jupiter show more vibrant coloring with deeper reds and yellows, but these were created using filters to reveal more detail in the cloud structure. The colors we see are created by gases and clouds in the upper layers of the atmosphere. The primary colors in Jupiter's atmosphere are orange and white. The white bands are created by clouds of ammonia while the orange regions are ammonium hydrosulfide clouds.

Sulfur in the upper atmosphere of saturn, gives it an overall yellowish hue.

Small amounts of methane gas in uranus' and neptune's atmospheric clouds give them a light blue color. Neptune appears somewhat darker because it receives less light from the Sun.

See Planet colors.

4. When Pluto was downgraded to a dwarf planet it was suggested that it's moon Charon also be consedered a dwarf planet.

5. I can't remember where I saw this symbol for sedna, and haven't been able to find it again, so it may not be correct.

Sedna was discovered on Nov. 15, 2003. There was originally disagreement as to whether Pluto or Sedna should be classified as planets, since there are other small (less than 2,000 mi in diameter - smaller than earth's moon) objects orbiting the sun beyond the orbit of pluto.
In 2006 Pluto, Sedna and other small objects were classified as "dwarf Planets" and the number of official planets was changed to 8.

Sedna is not much larger than the Asteroid, Ceres (Diameter 600 miles), in the asteroid belt.

Sedna's orbit is extremely eccentric ranging from 76-850 AUs. It is currently 86 AU from the sun, in the constellation Cetus, just 12 degrees south of the ecliptic, next to the zodiacal constellation of Aries. Sedna is getting closer to the sun and will reach its closest point (perihelion) in 2075-76.

The discoverers of Sedna describe it as an inner Oort Cloud object, because it never enters the Kuiper Belt.

Sedna is currently 8 billion miles away but is getting closer to the sun because of it's elliptical orbit and will reach its closest point (perihelion) in 2075-76.

More information on sedna at CalTech.

There are other planetoids in our solar system. See the asteroid page for more.

* Named moons - Number of moons named by the International Astronomical Union (IAU) as of 2005. Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune have additional unnamed moons. See: Moons and Planets at NASA, Moons of the Solar System at the Planetary Society. and Table of Planets at the University Corporation for Atmospheric Research (UCAR).

In addition to Saturn, jupiter, uranus and neptune all have small ringsring systems.

All the planets rotate in the same direction as their orbits (counter clockwise when looking from the north) except Venus, Uranus and Pluto. Venus rotates clockwise when viewed from the north the sun rises in the west. Uranus' and pluto's axis are almost parallel to the ecliptic (i.e. tilted 90°).

The terrestrial planets are the four innermost planets in the solar system, Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars. They are called terrestrial because they have a compact, rocky surface like the Earth's. The planets, Venus, Earth, and Mars have significant atmospheres while Mercury has almost none. Below is a close-up picture of the four terrestrial planets

Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune are known as the Jovian (Jupiter-like) planets , because they are all gigantic compared with Earth, and they have a gaseous nature like Jupiter's. The Jovian planets are also referred to as the gas giants, although some or all of them might have small solid cores.

Links:
Asteroid page
Overview of the Solar System - (Solar System Data) at NinePlanets
Astronomical Symbols at Wikipedia (including unicode e.g. ♆ - ♆) and Planetary Photojournal at NASA
The Planetary Society
Planet Sizes (to scale)
Welcome to the Planets at NASA's JPL
Solar System Exploration at NASA
Planets to Scale
Solar System Planets to Scale

Table of Planets at University Corporation for Atmospheric Research (UCAR)