History in some sense is defined by conflicts. They fall into a variety of categories:

  Political (Empire/Dynasty/Nation building)
  Social (Racial and Ethnic Constructions, Social and Economic Classes ) 
  Cultural (Religions – Belief Systems, Philosophies, and Ideologies
  Economic (Trade and Commerce – Labor Systems  – Capitalism and Socialism )

See more at Rational for Wars

Wars, Battles and Empires

Date	War/Battle/Empire	who where	Deaths
			Battle	Other
5000-220 BC	Early Chinese	Yangshao, Longsham, Xia, Shang, Zhou
3000-2000 BC	Sumerian Empire	Mesopotamia
3000-200 BC	Egyptian Empire	N. Africa
1193-1184 BC	Trojan Wars
1120-1030 BC	Babylon
967-609 BC	Assyrian
1000 BC	Israel defeat the Philistines	Israel (the people) takes the promised land, what is now Israel.
900 BC	Judah defeats Israel	2 Chronicles 13:17	500,000
900 BC -	Chávin de Huántar	Andean Civilization in Norte Chico region of Peru
586 BC	Babylonians take Israel	Israel
650-323 BC	Persian Empire	Middle East
585-200 BC	Greek Empire
490 BC	Battle at Marathon	Greek victory over the Persian army at Marathon
336-323 BC	Macedonia conquers the Persian empire and expands from Greece to India	Alexander the Great, King of Macedonia (356-321 BC)
264-146 BC	Punic Wars	Romans defeat Carthage
215-163 BC	Hellenistic Seleucid Empire	Led by Greek Antiochus IV Epiphanes they expanded to Egypt and Middle East. Judas Maccabeus defeated them in 167 BC.
400 BC-450 AD	Roman Empire	Middle East
200 BC - 700 AD	Teotihuacan Mesoamerican civilization	Mexico
70 AD	Roman Empire	Jerusalem destroyed by Titus, Roman emperor
250-800	Franks expand	Europe (Charlemagne [Charles the great] 742-814)
250-1500 AD	Maya Culture 250-900: classical, 900-1500 post classical	Central America
350-550	Huns (Mongols)	Europe (Atilla ?-532)
642	Arab-Persian	Arabs defeat of the Persian army at Nehavend.
618-907	Tang Dynasty	China
642 - 1000	Arab Expansion	Muslim Arabs expand to N. Africa and Spain. The Spanish called them Moors.
732	Battle of Tours (Poiters)	Christians defeat Arabs in France
750-1100	Vikings
1000 - 1400	Spanish - Arab	Spanish Christians slowly pushed the Muslims (Moors) back. In 1013 the great library in Cordova was destroyed. In 1492 Granada, the last Muslim enclave, was taken.
1066	Battle of Hastings	William of Normandy ("the Conqueror") takes over England
1095-1101	First Crusade	Capture of Antiochus and Jerusalem by the crusaders. 12-30,000 men	10's of thousands were killed in the Crusades.
1168-1521	Aztec Culture	Mexico - Defeated by Spanish
1145-47	Second Crusade	Attack Damascus. 50-100,000 men
1188-92	Third Crusade	Richard the Lionheart of England negotiated a treaty with Saladin, which gave Christian pilgrims special rights in Jerusalem.
1204	Fourth Crusade	Constantinople was taken.
1206-1368	Mongolian Expansion	Largest Empire in History. Genghis Kahn (1165-1227), Kublai Khan (1215-94)	1M in conquest of Baghdad
1217	Fifth Crusade	Included the conquest of Damietta,
1228-39	Sixth Crusade	in which Frederick II took part (1228-29); also Thibaud de Champagne and Richard of Cornwall (1239)
1249-52	Seventh Crusade	led by St. Louis.
1217	Eighth Crusade	also under St. Louis, 1270
1337-1453	Hundred Years' War	England and France
1367-1644	Ming Dynasty	China
1400-	Inca Empire	S. America
1450	British
1490	Spanish
1453-1566	Ottoman Expansion	(Suleiman 1494-1566) Started with Constantinople
1478-1834	Spanish Inquisition. Tomas de Torquemada (1420-1498) was made Grand Inquisitor by Pope Sixtus IV and was responsible for thousands of deaths, including 2,000 burned at the stake.		30 K
1618-48	Thirty Years War	general European war fought mainly in Germany
1675-76	King Philip's War	Wampanoag indian leader Matacom (also called Philip) led the native americans in a fight with the Massachusetts settlers as 50 years of peacful relations broke down. A blody war with thousands of settlers and native american's killed. Many native americans	700 English, 2000 indians
1689-1763	French and Indian Wars	Name given by American historians to the North American colonial wars between Great Britain and France.
1744-1748	King George's War War of the Austrian Succession	The third of the French and Indian wars. The war included most of the European nations. Little of it occurred in America. Fort Louisbourg, a powerful French stronghold on Cape Breton Island in Nova Scotia, was captured by New Englanders and an English fleet. Saratoga, New York was attacked and burned by the French and Indian forces.
1746	Battle Culloden	A battle between the Scots led by Bonnie Prince Charlie and the English in Scotland. See more	1,110
1755-1763	French and Indian War	Last of the series of French and Indian Wars. The war became a fight for the St. Lawrence. Ended with the Treaty of Paris in 1763 where Canada, which went to Great Britain. Beginning of Seven Years War
1756-63	Seven Years War	Worldwide war fought in Europe, North America. See more
1770	Boston Massacre	British soldiers open fire on a crowd which was harassing them.	5
1775-83	American Revolution		6 K	18 K
1775	Battle of Bunker Hill	American Revolution, , Charleston, MA	371
1789-1794	French Revolution	Inflamed by their poverty and hatred of wealth, the people wanted an end to tax exemptions and special privileges given to the nobility. Louis and Marie Antoinette were executed in 1793. Maximilien Robespierre who, emerged as a leader and plunged France into even more bloodshed than before. He was overthrown and executed in 1794.	40 K
1793-1815	Napoleonic Wars	Napoleon Bonaparte expands his empire from England to Egypt	2-3 M
1806-1812, 1828-29	Russo-Turkish	1806 war started when Ottoman Sultan Selim III deposed the Russophile governors of Moldavia and Walachia and ended with Treaty of Bucharest. 1828 war was precipitated by the Greek War of Independence and ended with the Treaty of Adrianople.	300 K
1815	Battle of Waterloo	Napoleon exiled to St Helena
1836	Alamo	Famous battle in San Antonio for Texas to become an independent territory from Mexico. See more.	189
1854-56	Crimean War	- France and Great Britain declared war on Russia after it invades Dobruja (Romania) which was part of the Ottoman Empire. Battle for Russian naval base of Sebastopol in the Crimea.	250 K
1850-64	Taiping Rebellion	Hung Xiu-quan organized Chinese peasantry to topple the Qing dynasty, which was weakened by a series of natural disasters, economic problems and defeats at the hands of the Western powers. Hung taped into Anti-Manchu sentiment in the south	20 M
1861-65	US Civil War	See Casualties in the Civil War	200 K	400 K
1861	Battle of Bull Run	US Civil War, Manassas VA	5K
1862	Battle of Antietam	US Civil War, Antietam, MD	24K
1863	Battle of Gettysburg	US Civil War, Gettysburg, PA	51K
1870-1871	Franco-Prussian War
1864	Sand Creek Massacre	Indian Wars - Story	150-200
1876	Battle of the Little Bighorn	Indian Wars - Custer's men killed. Story	210
1890	Battle of Wounded Knee	Big Foot and a group of Sioux were gunned down after one tried to resist soldiers disarming them. (See Story)	300-350 Indians
1775-1890	Indian Wars	19 K whites, 40-50 K Indians. Many other Indians died of disease.	60-70 K	1 - 10 M
1899-1901	Boxer Rebellion	China - Chinese Christians were killed by the Boxers in Boxer rebellion against foreigners.	30 K
1899 - 1902	Boer War	British fights Boers in South Africa	93 K
Date	War/Battle/Empire	who where	Deaths
			Battle	Other
1914-18	World War I, WWI	(Total 15M including Armenian massacres and other related deaths)	10 M
See List of military engagements of World War I at wikipedia.org and Matthew White's Man-made Megadeaths of the 20th Century
1914	Battle of Somme, WWI		310 K
1915	Battle of Gallipoli, WWI	Gallipoli Peninsula, Turkey, New Zelanders, Australians and Turks killed.	120-140 K
1916	Battle of Verdun, WWI		305 K
1917	Battle of Passchendaele, WWI		150 K
1900-20	Mexican Revolution		1.5 M
1917	Russian Revolution	overthrew the czarist government.	15 M
1931-42	Sino Japanese War	Japanese military's systematic destruction of the Chinese countryside in a war of pacification. Most victims were civilian.	10-30 M
			Battle	Other
1936-39	Spanish Civil War		270 K	160 K
1937	Sino Japan War Rape of Nanking	Japanese massacre -Nanking, China.		200-300K

Date	Battle		Allied	Enemy
1939-45	World War II Soldiers 17-21, Civilian 20, Civilian Sino-Japan 7-15. (See totals by country) Democides: Hitler 15-21 Stalin 13, Natonalist Chinese 2		17M	40M
May - Jun. 1940	Battle of Dunkirk - A large force of British and French were cut off in north-east France by a German armoured advance to the Channel coast at Calais.		34,000
Jul. - Oct. 1940	Battle of Britain - Battle fought over Britain between the Royal Air Force and Germany		1,000
7 Dec. 1941	Pearl harbor - 1,177 crewmen killed when U.S. battleship Arizona sunk. Facts at: D-Day Museum, Natl. Park Svc.		2,403	64
1942-	110,000-120,000 Japanese Americans, 3-10,000 Italian Americans and some German Americans were interred in detention camps in the US. The Intalians and Germans were mostly foreign nationals who had not received citizenship while two-thirds of the Japanese were citizens. See more
June 1942	Capture of Tobruk, Libia, North Africa		559
Nov 1941	The Battle of Stalingrad		500 K	147 K
Aug 1942 - Feb 1943	Guadalcanal - First offensive in the Pacific. Allies strike Island of Guadalcanal to stop Japanese advance.		4K	29K
6-7 June 1944	D-Day (There is no "official" casuality figure. Only Canada atempted to report numbers) 150,000 Allied troups were landed (by sea or airborne) on D-Day. That would make the casualty rate, 1.6% in a few days. See D-Day Museum and WarChronicle.com		c. 2,500
June - Aug. 1944	Battle of Normandy (Includes D-Day)		54K	350K
15 June 1944	Battle of Saipan - US invades Island of Saipan.		3K killed 13K wounded or MIA	29K
1944-45	Battle of the Bulge Dec. 16, 1944 to Jan. 28, 1945. In the Belgian Ardennes and Luxembourg		40K
Feb. 1945	Bombing of Dresden, Germ.			35-135K
Feb. 1945	Iwo Jima		6K	21K
Mar. 1945	Fire Bombing of Tokyo			100K
Apr. 1945	Okinawa (Allied: 12K battle deaths 26K in non-battle deaths		38K	107K
May 1945	German Surrender
30 Jul. 1945	USS Indianapolis was torpedoed after delivering the Atomic Bomb. 296 men went down with the ship, 583 were drowned or killed by sharks, only 317 survived the 5 days in the water before a rescue ship arrived. See story.		880
Mar. 1945	Firebombing of Tokyo			100K
6 Aug. 1945	Atomic Bomb - Hiroshima			140K
9 Aug. 1945	Atomic Bomb - Nagasaki Instant Death Injured Hiroshima 66K 69K Nagasaki 39K 25K The Japanese Govt. estimated a total of 226K were killed by radiation. See: Avalon Proj at Yale.			70K
15 Aug. 1945	Japanese announce Surrender. Formal surrender was 2 Sept. on board the battleship USS Missouri.
1947-	Arab-Israeli Wars (Middle East) In the 19th century Palestinians were approximately 86 percent Muslim (mostly Sunni), 10 percent Christian, and 4 percent Jewish. In 1947 the UN issued a plan to end the British rule of Palestine and divide it into Independent Arab and Jewish States. The plan was to be implemented in 1948. In the aftermath of the 1948 war, Palestine was de facto divided into three parts: the State of Israel, the Jordanian-held West Bank, and the Egyptian-held Gaza Strip. Over 80% of the Arabs left the area that became Israel and many Jews immigrated to Israel. In 2010 Arabs were only 20% of the population of Israel. The Arab-Israeli war has been a major problem in the Middle East ever sense. See: Arab Israeli Wars UN Partition Plan for Palestine at Wikipedia, A Synopsis of the Israel/Palestine Conflict, Intifada at Arab Gateway, The Israeli Center for Human Rights, Victims of Palestinian Violence and Terrorism since September 2000.
1948	War of Independence	Egypt, Syria, Jordan, Iraq, Lebanon attack Israel. Israel defeats them and controlls about half the land the UN intended for the new Arab state after partitioning Palestine in 1947.	8-20K
1956	Suez War	Israel attacks Egypt after they took the Suez Canal from Britain and France. Britain and France join Israel and capture the Sinai Peninsula which is contolled by the UN.	2-3K
1967	Six Day War	Egypt, under Gamal Abdel-Nasser, orders UN peacekeeping troops out of the Sinai Peninsula, closes down the Strait of Tiran and concentrats large-scale forces in the Sinai peninsula. Israel launches a preemptive attack against Egypt. When Syria & Jordan start shelling Israel the war is expanded to include them. Israel captures the Gaza Strip, Sinai Peninsula, Syria's Golan Heights and Jordan's West Bank including their half of Jerusalem.	10-20K
1969-70	Israeli-Egyptian War	Egypt	5K
1973	Yom Kippur War	Egypt, Syria, Iraq attack Israel.	11-16K
1978	Israel - Lebanon Conflict	Israel invades Lebanon in an attempt to rout out Palestinian militants.
1987-2000	First Intifada	Palestinians and Isralies	1,700+
2000-	Second Intifada	Palestinians and Isralies (Data thru Jan. '04)	3,000+
2006	Israel - Lebanon Conflict	Hezbollah in S. Lebanon and Israel	1,445: Lebanese and Hezbollah - 1,287; Israelis - 158
1947-	Total		Israel: 8-12K, Arab States: 36-60K plus another 50K Civilians As of Apr. 2008 suicide bombings in Israel hit a high of 59 in 2002 with hundreds killed
Date	War/Battle/Empire	who where	Deaths
			Battle	Other
1950-53	Korean War	N. Korea & China vs S. Korea & the US	1-2 M	500 K
1962	India	India fights and loses a border war with China in Assam
1964-73	Vietnam War	N. Vietnam vs S. Vietnam & the US	100K French, 58K American, 250K S. Vietnamese, 1M N Vietnamese and Viet Cong, 2M civilians [N. and S.]	500 K
1968	My Lai Massacre	Vietnam War: Stories at pbs and UMKC.edu. Hundreds of civilians had also been killed by other army units, at My Khe and Co Luy.	20-100 civilians.
1968	Tet Offensive	Vietnam War: Major North Vietnamese surprise offensive against American and South Vietnamese forces on the eve of the lunar New Year celebrations.	6 K - US and South Vietnamese 50 K - North Vietnamese
1948-93	Apartheid in S. Africa	Political Violence during Apartheid Regime in South Africa	12-14 K
1965	India/Pakistan battle over Kashmir	Kashmir	7-18K
1969-1998	N. Ireland	The Catholic Irish Republican Army (IRA) wants to eject the British and unify Northern Ireland with the Irish Republic to the south. The Protestants remained loyal to the United Kingdom. See more.	3 K
1975-79	Cambodia	Pol Pot's reign of terror is probably the second most widely publicized genocide of the century	2 M
		Pol Pot and his communist Khmer Rouge - In their attempt to socially engineer a classless peasant society, took particular aim at intellectuals, city residents, ethnic Vietnamese, civil servants and religious leaders.
1980-85	India	Hindu and Skih conflict in India.	2,500
1980-88	Iraq-Iran		600 K Iranians 400 K Iraquis
1983	Grenada		42 US 59 Grenadan & Cuban
1990-91	Gulf War	"Desert Storm" - Western alliance pushes Iraq out of Kuwait. 50-100,000 Iraq casualties, 143 US Some claim Iraqi deaths were much higher. Some claim Iraqi deaths due to sanctions over 1M.	50-100 K
1991	Hati	Aristide was overthrown in a military coup led by Brig-Gen Raoul Cedras. In 1994 the threat of a US invasion led to the regime recognizing Aristide as president.	1,500
1991-93	Somalia	Civil War. 18 U.S. Rangers died in a battle in Mogadishu, Somalia, in 1993 depicted in the Series and Movie "Blackhawk Down,". Article.	50 K	350 K
1991-92	Croatia	Independence from former Yugoslavia	6-10 K
1991-2002	Sierra Leone	Civil War	50,000	30,000 amputated, 250,000 raped
1992-95	Bosnia and Herzegovina.	Bosnian Serbs led by former Yugoslav President Slobodan Milosevic killed Bosnian Muslims and Croats after UN recognizes them as an independent state.	150-250 K
1992-date	Algerian Islamist Insurgency.	The Islamic Salvation Front (FIS), which advocates establishing an Islamic state, won elections in 1991. However, the existing president handed the reins over to a military council, which annulled the election.	150 K
1994-95	Rwanda	Conflict between the Hutus, and Tutsis resulted in the genocide of roughly 800,000 Tutsis and moderate Hutus in 1994, several 10s of thousands since.	800 K
1994-date-	Chechnya, Russia	Independence	40-80 K	200 K
1996-date	Nepal	Conflict between Maoist rebels and government.	13 K thru 2005
1991-2003	Liberia	Civil war	220 K
1998-2000	Kosovo, Yugoslavia	Ethnic cleansing by Yugoslavs	>10 K
1998-2000	Ethiopian-Eritrean War	Independence	100 K
1998-2003	Congo	Three major factions along with an array of local and foreign militias from places like Rwanda and Uganda vied for the Congos's riches.	350 K	Up to 3.3 million died from famine and disease.
2002	Afghanistan	Operation Enduring Freedom (War against Terrorism)/ Afghanistan 986 Coalition forces killed in and around Afghanistan a/o Oct. 2008. 3,700 Afghan civilians. See Afghanistan.	? al Qaeda/Taliban 486 Coalition a/o Oct. 2006
2003	Iraq	US, UK and others oust Saddam Hussein See Iraq War page.	15-100 K Iraq 2,000 U.S. a/o Oct 2005 Iraq War	10+ K Civillians
2004	Hati	Insurgents led by Guy Philippe drive President Jean-Bertrand Aristide out.	130
2004	Thailand	Muslim separatists battle with Government in southern Thailand.	150+
1985-2004	Sudan	Sudan Civil war (North-South)	2 M	see Sudan-Darfur
2001-	Sudan - Darfur	Genocide in the Darfur region in the west. Arab govt. has armed nomadic Arab herdsmen, or Janjaweed, against rival African tribes, Massaleit and others in Darfur, western Sudan.	250-400 K	see Sudan-Darfur
2006-	Mexico	Drug Wars	100,000

Greatest Empires (From a comment on a message board, I can't remember where)

• Greatest unofficial empire: USA since 1945
• Greatest domination from smallest base: Britain, 1800-1939
• Greatest cultural, political and scientific influence in its time: Ancient Rome
• Greatest staying power: China, 221 BC to present
• Greatest conquering empire: Mongol Khans, 13th century
• Greatest ideological empire: former USSR

US War Casualties
War	Date	Deaths			Service- members (1,000)	Casualty Rate
		Total (K)1	Battle	Other2
Civil	1861-65	364.5	191 K	400 K	3,263	18%
WW II	1941-46	407.3	291 K	115 K	16,113	2.5%
WW I	1917-18	116.7	53 K	63 K	4,735	2.4%
Vietnam	1964-73	58.2	47 K	11 K	3,100	1.9%
Korea	1950-53	36.9	34 K	21 K	5,720	1.0%
Revolutionary	1775-83	4.4	6 K	18 K	217	11%
War of 1812	1812-15	2.3	2K		287	0.8%
Mexican	1846-48	1.7	1.7K	11 K	79	16%
Spanish American	1898	2.4	365	2 K	307	0.8%
Indian	1817-98		1 k		106	0.9%
Persian Gulf War	1991	.3	148	235	500	0.08%
Operation Enduring Freedom (War against Terrorism)/Afghanistan thru 12/2008	2002-		1,014		200	0.03%
Iraq War	2003	.48	482 †		300	0.04% ‡
Iraq War	2004	.85	851 †		135	0.63% ‡

1. Total per World Almanac; Book of Facts
2. Other: Accidents, Disease. Sources: Twentieth Century Atlas - Casualty Statistics - United States, America's Wars at infoplease.com

† - 482 Americans killed as of Dec. 31, 2003. 138 killed from Mar. 19 - May 1, 2003 when the official war ended. 344 killed from May 1 to Dec 31.
223 Americans killed from Jan. 1, - Apr. 20, 2004
See Iraq War page.

‡ Casualty rate for Iraq in 2003 is based on the first two months of fighting before the official war ended when there were 114 Military deaths.
Rate for 2004 is based on 3.5 mos.. Annualized it would be 0.55%/yr.

See Also: Twentieth Century Democide

Other Wars/Revolutions

Opium Wars
Napoleonic war
Crimean War
Cuban Revolution
Taiping Rebellion in China, 1850-1864, a civil war, in which it is claimed 25 million people perished
Falklands War
Greek War of Independence

See: US War casualties at InfoPlease

Modern Dictators (Some of the more well known)

In the 20th Century 100 - 170 million people were murdered by governments; 75% by communist regimes - compared to about 38 million killed in all wars and conflicts.

There is little agreement about the number of people killed by these regimes. We have thrown out extreme estimates and listed the range for middle of the road numbers. See "Death Tolls for the Man-made Megadeaths of the Twentieth Century " by Matthew White; an excellent site listing numerous death toll estimates with their sources.
See above for other repressive regimes who killed civilians both inside and outside their country. (e.g. Japan who killed over 6 M from 1936-1945).

Name	Country	Political	Rule	Democides * (K - 1,000)
Mao Zedong	China	Communist	1946-49	Rural purges: 2-5M
			1949-75	Labor Camps: 15-20M
			1950-57	Urban purges: 1M
			1959-63	Great Leap Forward: 6-20M
			1959-76	Tibet: 0.6-1.2M
			1966-76	Cultural Revolution: 2-7M
			1946-75	Total: 20-50 M
Stalin, Joseph	Russia	Communist	1926-37	Forced Famine Ukraine: 4-7 M
			1926-37	Famine Other: 3-4M
			1946-54	Democide: 8-15M
			?	Labor (Concentration) Camps: 12-25M
			1924-53	Total: 20-40M
Hitler, Adolf	Germany	Fascist	1938-45	15-21 M (6 M Jews)
Superiority of Nordic or Aryan races. See Serial Killers and Mass Murderers for some of Hitler's henchmen.
Lenin, Vladimir	Russia	Communist	1921-22	4 M
Chiang, Kai-shek	China		1937-45	2-10 M by Nationalists on mainland incl. 2 M during WWII ('37-45)
	China		1945-49	1 M in Civil War ('45-49) Chaing appointed General Chen-Yi to take over Taiwan after WWII. In 1947 Chaing sent troops to put down an uprising over corruption and chaos from the Chinese rule. 10-40,000 were killed. Chaing and more than one million of his followers fled to Taiwan after their defeat by the communists in 1949.
Pol Pot	Cambodia	Communist	1975-79	2 M
Marshal Tito	Yugoslavia	Communist	1944-80	200-500 K (2)
Ceausescu, Nicolae	Romania	Communist	1967-89	400 K
Amin, Idi	Uganda		1972-79	300 K
Milosevic, Slobodan	Yugoslavia		1991-92	6-10K in Croatia
			1992-95	200-300K in Bosnia and Herzegovina. 8,000 in Srebrenica, Bosnia massacre.
			1998-99	10K Albanians killed in Kosovo
Mussolini, Benito	Italy, Ehthopia, Libya	Fascist	1922-43	1935-41 Ehthopia and Libya - 200 K, Yugoslavia - 15 K, Greece - 9 K, Italy - 250
Hussein, Saddam	Iraq		1988	Anfal campaign against rebellious Kurds - 100 K 5 K in gas strike on the village of Halabja (1)
			1991-92	Shia rebellion - 40 K
			1990-2003	An estimated 1.25 million Iraquis have died from poverty, hunger and disease due to a combination of sanctions and government neglect.
Marcos, Ferdinand	Phillipines	Philippine Insurrection (1969)	1965-86	250 K
Franco, Francisco	Spain	Fascist	1939-75	22 K
Batista, Juan	Cuba		1952-59	2 K
Castro, Fidel	Cuba	Communist	1959-	15 K + 35-50 K Boat people drowned.
Pinochet, Augusto	Chile		1973-90	3 K
Noriega, Manuel	Panama		1983-89
Il, Kim Jong	N. Korea	Communist	1997-
Gaddafi, Muammar	Libya		1969-
Ayotallah Komeni	Iran		1979-89	10-20 K
Deng Xiaoping	China		1989	Tiananmen Square, Beijing, China, - 241-1,000+
Shah of Iran	Iran		1942-79

* Democide: The murder of any person or people by a government, including genocide, politicide, and mass murder.

(1) Some claim the gas which killed Kurds at Halabja, at the end of the Iraq-Iran war when the Iranians were fighting in this area, was the result of Iranian gas aimed at Iraquis, since the symptoms were not those of Mustard gas, which the Iraquis were using.

(2) Many of the deaths in Tito's Yugoslavia were a consequence of WW II. During his rule Yugoslavia developed its own brand of socialism, and a society far more open than that of its communist neighbours.

See Also: The Scales of Good and Evil where Cliff Pickover lists the top 10 evil people and good people.

• 1311 - Mongol extermination of Chinese
• 1915-17 - Turkish troups killed Armenians in Ottoman lands. (1,500,000)
• 1932 - Stalin's forced famine in the Ukraine. (7,000,000)
• 1937 - Japan - Nanking (Nanjing) massacre of Chinese (Rape of Nanking) (300,000)
• 1935: Nazi Germany - Superiority of Nordic or Aryan races. (6,000,000)
• 1941-44 - Nazis, Chetniks and others in Yugoslavia killed many mainly Serbs
• 1975-79 - Pol Pot in Cambodia (2,000,000)
• 1991-95 - Yugoslavia - Many deaths in Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Kosovo and Albania. (200,000)
  see The History Place - Genocide in the 20th Century: Bosnia-Herzegovina 1992-95
• 1994 - Rwanda Tutsis kill Hutus, and moderate Tutsis. (800,000)
• 2001-Sudan - Darfur - In the Darfur region in the west. Arab govt. has armed nomadic Arab herdsmen, or Janjaweed, against rival African tribes, Massaleit and others .